2014 Bonneville Rotor Wear

By "rotor", do you mean the brake disc? Have you got photos of the "grooves"?
I don't think that raised piece of metal is of concern: the pad will just wear around it. You might try to snap it off, but it's fused to the disc, I wouldn't worry about it.

 

There is a minimum specified thickness for those discs/rotors. I no longer have the same bike or manual but I think they are 5.5mm thick when new and should be replaced as they reach 5mm.
That rear disc has been scored - my guess is by failing to change the pads until metal to metal contact occurred. State vehicle inspection regimes differ but it is of pretty marginal service quality. On the rear it is less important and new pads will wear to accommodate the scoring but at the cost of more rapid wear and less efficient braking.

 

That looks like it's scored due to the pads wearing down too far but it could be down to something like sand or grit, regardless of the cause though I would fit new pads and a new disc.

 

To hard material on the pads .mine on the deauville were good untill i started buying pads off the net ,gone back to buying from the bike shop they last longer and not so hard a material or as said before you have run them down to the steel

 

I used EBC organic pads both ends. Need a bit more lever pressure but terrific feel if you are often on wet roads.

Arizona? Hmm....